The transportation industry is changing rapidly due to technological advances. As a result, skillsets have diversified and expanded, requiring education and workforce development to adapt to these needs. Labor market research has shown that low-skilled workers tend to be most affected by the technological substitution of labor driven by new technologies such as automation [1]. New training tools are needed to equip the future workforce with the technical, adaptation, and capacity skills needed to react to the evolving industry [2].

There is limited research on workforce development specific to a transportation mode such as micromobility. Overall, the literature on transportation and workforce development recommends partnerships with industry and academia, increasing investment in workforce development, integrating training to pre-apprentice and apprentice programs, and collecting data to inform policies and decision-making [1], [3].

Early operations of shared e-micromobility services relied heavily on independent contractors, with one account estimating 40 percent of Bird’s operational costs at one point went towards workers to collect, charge, and distribute dockless e-scooter and bikes [4] . In 2019, California passed a law (AB5) reclassifying who could be considered independent contractors, shifting the labor market toward third party companies and away from part-time workers [5]. Future research could investigate how regulation of independent contractors has influenced the micromobility workforce.