The effects of micromobility modes on sustainability goals are mixed. A literature review by
McQueen et al [1] defined micromobility modes as “small, lightweight human-powered or electric vehicles operated at low speeds, including docked and dockless e-scooters and bike share systems,” and found mixed results of the modes’ effects across three key sustainability goals – reducing greenhouse gas emissions, equitable and reliable operations, and enhancement of the human experience. Regarding greenhouse gas emissions, the review concluded that micromobility modes have the potential to decrease emissions when serving as a substitute for automobile trips. One way this can occur is by complementing transit; making it more accessible and convenient and therefore more competitive with automobile trips. However, the review also found that micromobility trips often replace walking or transit trips, thus increasing emissions [2].

Municipalities see a human benefit to offering alternative modes. Research around perceptions of new mobility has found them to be a pleasant experience, especially for electrified mobility, although many of the studies are focused on e-bikes [3], [4]. Additionally, a significant amount of research focuses on the integration of micromobility with public transportation. The body of work related to this topic generally spans four study areas - policy, sustainability, interactions between shared micromobility and public transit, and infrastructure [5]. Improving first/last mile access and network efficiency is also a major focus area [6], [7]. Future research should focus on sustainability through business models analysis, comparing public and private operations and how best to navigate regulatory burdens surrounding the deployment of such services.